The Catholic Church is facing a historic transition following the death of Pope Francis on April 21, 2025, at the age of 88. His passing closes a deeply influential chapter marked by social reform, humility, and outreach to the marginalized. But what happens next? From ancient rituals to modern considerations, this article dives deep into the papal succession process, who might be elected, and how this affects the upcoming Jubilee Year 2025.
The Pope’s Death: Official Procedures Begin
Upon the death of a pope, the Vatican enters a phase known as “sede vacante” (Latin for “the seat is vacant”). This term refers not only to the absence of a pope but also initiates a strict and solemn set of rituals:
Key Immediate Events:
- Camerlengo Confirms Death: Cardinal Kevin Farrell, the current Camerlengo, verifies the pope’s death. This involves a formal pronouncement and the sealing of the papal apartments.
- Destruction of the Fisherman’s Ring: This papal seal is destroyed in a symbolic gesture to prevent the forging of documents.
- Funeral and Novendiales: The pope’s body lies in state in St. Peter’s Basilica. Over nine days, special masses (novendiales) are held. Francis requested a humble ceremony, likely culminating in a burial at Santa Maria Maggiore, his favored basilica.
The Conclave: Electing a New Pope
The power to elect a new pope rests with the College of Cardinals. But this isn’t a simple vote—it’s a complex, centuries-old tradition.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
- General Congregations: All cardinals gather to discuss the Church’s global challenges. These meetings help identify key traits the next pope should possess.
- Eligible Voters: Only cardinals under age 80 vote—there are currently 120 electors. Approximately 80% were appointed by Francis, indicating a tilt toward more progressive candidates.
- Secrecy & Security: The conclave occurs in the Sistine Chapel. Cardinals swear oaths of secrecy. No phones, press, or contact with the outside world is allowed.
- Voting Process: Voting takes place up to four times per day. A candidate must secure a two-thirds majority.
- Smoke Signals: Black smoke = no decision. White smoke = a new pope has been chosen.
- Habemus Papam: When a decision is reached, the elected pope accepts the role, chooses a papal name, and appears on the St. Peter’s Basilica balcony to greet the world.
Who Could Be the Next Pope?
Top Candidates (Papabili):
- Cardinal Pietro Parolin (Italy) – The Vatican Secretary of State. A diplomatic strategist and institutional insider.
- Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle (Philippines) – Seen as progressive and globally resonant, particularly with Asian and younger Catholics.
- Cardinal Matteo Zuppi (Italy) – Known for his humanitarian diplomacy, including peace efforts in Ukraine.
- Cardinal Péter Erdő (Hungary) – A conservative theologian, respected for intellectual rigor.
What Makes a Good Candidate?
Traditionally, papal candidates are cardinals with:
- A track record of leadership
- Pastoral charisma
- Theological depth
- A global or multicultural perspective
Despite pressure for modernization, only men can be elected pope due to Church doctrine that excludes women from the priesthood.
Impact on the Jubilee Year 2025
The Jubilee Year, scheduled to begin in December 2025, is a major holy event held every 25 years, featuring pilgrimages, plenary indulgences, and mercy-centered outreach.
What Could Change:
- Tone and Themes: A new pope may reframe the Jubilee’s spiritual emphasis.
- Logistics and Symbolism: Depending on how soon the new pope is elected, certain planned events may be rescheduled, adjusted, or newly conceived to reflect his vision.
- Global Participation: With millions expected in Rome, the Jubilee could serve as the new pope’s global debut and test of leadership.
Regardless, the event is unlikely to be postponed.
What to Watch in the Coming Weeks
✅ April 21–30: Novendiales (mourning and memorial liturgies)
✅ May 6–10 (expected): Conclave begins
✅ Mid-May: Habemus Papam announcement
✅ June onward: New pope’s pastoral agenda takes shape
✅ December: Jubilee Year 2025 under new papacy
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