As the Christmas season comes to a close, Italy lights up one last time on January 6th to celebrate the Epiphany, or La Festa dell’Epifania, a deeply rooted cultural and religious event. This day, marking the visit of the Three Wise Men (or Magi) to the Christ Child, is imbued with a unique Italian charm. From the enchanting folklore of the Befana to elaborate religious ceremonies, the Epiphany offers a fascinating glimpse into the country’s rich traditions.
Here’s everything you need to know about how Italy celebrates this special day.
The Significance of the Epiphany in Italy
The Epiphany, celebrated on January 6th, is both a religious holiday and a national holiday in Italy. It represents the end of the festive season, and many Christmas decorations, including the beloved presépi (Nativity scenes), are taken down after this day. In the Christian tradition, the Epiphany commemorates the Magi’s journey to Bethlehem, symbolizing the revelation of Christ to the world.
The Befana: The Star of the Epiphany
One of the most distinctive aspects of the Italian Epiphany is the legend of the Befana, a kindly old woman who resembles a witch. According to folklore, the Befana was invited by the Magi to join their journey to visit the Christ Child but declined. Regretting her decision, she now travels the world on her broomstick on the night of January 5th, delivering gifts and sweets to good children and leaving coal (often a candy version) for those who misbehaved.
The Befana is a beloved figure across Italy, particularly among children. Her story is central to Epiphany celebrations and is celebrated with festivals, markets, and storytelling.
Regional Variations of the Epiphany
Italy’s diversity shines through in the ways different regions celebrate the Epiphany. Here are some notable traditions:
Urbania (Le Marche)
Urbania hosts one of Italy’s most famous Befana festivals, known as La Festa Nazionale della Befana. The town transforms into a magical realm with parades, workshops, and markets dedicated to this whimsical figure. Thousands of visitors flock to Urbania to enjoy the festivities.
Veneto
In the Veneto region, a unique tradition involves the burning of the Befana’s effigy, often crafted from straw or wood. This symbolizes the end of the old year and a fresh start for the new one. Communities gather around bonfires to celebrate with music, food, and fireworks.
Rome (Lazio)
Rome’s Piazza Navona becomes a focal point of Epiphany celebrations, hosting a bustling market filled with stalls selling sweets, toys, and Befana-themed souvenirs. Families visit to soak up the festive atmosphere, and children eagerly await the Befana’s visit.
Milan (Lombardy)
In Milan, the Corteo dei Re Magi (Procession of the Magi) is a historic event that reenacts the journey of the Three Kings. Participants in traditional costumes walk through the city, culminating in a celebration at the Basilica of Sant’Eustorgio, where relics of the Magi are preserved.
Trentino-Alto Adige
In the Alpine regions, the Epiphany features traditional carol singing and processions with people dressed as the Three Kings. These processions often involve visiting homes and offering blessings for the new year.
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